Europos Parlamento nario Justo Paleckio biuras Vilniuje: | Kintančio klimato grėsmės: vandens resursai (2010 06 03)
Klimato sąlygų atžvilgiu Europos Sąjunga gyvena pavydėtinai gerai – Europoje retai siautėja stichinės nelaimės, o ir jų mastai gerokai mažesni nei Azijos ar Amerikos kontinente. Tačiau globalinis klimato atšilimas ES smogs ne vien tiesiogiai bet ir per kaimynus, kurie yra labai jautrūs ir pažeidžiami klimato pokyčiams.
Mokslininkų bendruomenė jau ne kartą įrodė, kad Europos Komisijos pateikiamas pagrindinių klimato kaitos pasekmių sąrašas pasitvirtina. Konfliktai dėl išteklių, ekonomikos pažeidimai, teritorijų praradimas, klimato pabėgėliai, padidėjęs radikalizmas, varžybos dėl energijos šaltinių, tarptautinių santykių krizės – visi šie iššūkiai jau dabar fiksuojami bei empiriškai įrodomi.
Didžioji dalis klimato kaitos padarinių tiesiogiai arba netiesiogiai atsilieps energetiniam saugumui, todėl būtina objektyviai įvertinti kiekvieną jų, numatant galimus atsirasiančių problemų sprendimų būdus.
Vandens resursai
Nepaisant to, kad Žemėje vanduo užima daugiau ploto nei sausuma, urbanizacija, atliekos, pramoniniai teršalai, o dabar ir klimato kaita tapo grėsme šiam ištekliui. Klimato pokyčiai sąlygoja sausras Pietuose ir potvynius Šiaurėje, senka upių vandenys, tirpsta kalnų ledo danga. Kalnų ledynai ir upės yra vertinami kaip vieni didžiausių gėlo vandens resursų ne vien Europoje bet ir visame pasaulyje. Alpės Europai teikia net 40% jos gėlo vandens atsargų, todėl bet kokie pokyčiai jų sistemoje gali atnešti sunkiai nuspėjamą žalą. Šiuo metu 4 iš 10 pasaulio gyventojų kasdien susiduria su vandens trūkumu. Klimato kaita kai kuriuose regionuose gėlo vandens išteklius sumažins net 30%. Daugiau kaip milijardas pasaulio gyventojų neturi galimybės naudotis saugiais vandens ištekliais. Remiantis Pasaulinės sveikatos organizacijos duomenimis, iki 2025 metų pasaulyje arti 2 milijonų žmonių gyvens regionuose, kur nebus gėlo vandens, o dviems trečdaliams pasaulio gyventojų vandens trūks. Europos Komisijos duomenimis mažiausiai 11% Europos gyventojų ir 17% Europos teritorijos jau dabar yra paveikti vandens trūkumo.
Vandens resursų mažėjimas neigiamos įtakos turės ir energetikos sektoriui. Vanduo yra intensyviai naudojamas atominių ir šiluminių jėgainių aušinimui, yra būtinas hidroelektrinių veiklai. Prognozuojama, kad dėl klimato pokyčių pasikeitus upių srautams ne tik sumažės hidroelektrinių našumas, bet ir pradės greičiau dumblėti užtvankos, kas sąlygos didelę materialinė žalą. Hidroelektrinių svarba gaminant energiją iš atsinaujinančių išteklių yra nenuginčijama. Šalyse tokiose kaip Norvegija, Švedija, Italija, Prancūzija, Vokietija, Ispanija, Austrija, Rumunija, Portugalija, Graikija, Slovakija, Slovėnija, hidroelektrinėse pagaminama energija sudaro didžiausią dalį energijos pagaminamos iš atsinaujinančių energijos šaltinių. Numatoma, kad dėl mažėjančių kritulių kiekių, pietuose esančiose hidroelektrinėse ilgainiui bus pagaminama 20-50% mažiau energijos.
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Nepaisant to, kad hidroenergijos dalis bendroje iš atsinaujinančių energijos šaltinių pagaminamoje energijoje mažėja, ji vis dar yra antras didžiausias (po energijos pagaminamos ir biomasės ir atliekų) atsinaujinančios energijos šaltinis. Šis faktas parodo, jog klimato kaitos keliama grėsmė vandens resursų pasiskirstymui Europoje, gali turėti neigiamos įtakos ES pajėgumams naudoti iki tol gausiai prieinamus atsinaujinančius energijos šaltinius ir lemti sunkumus, siekiant atsinaujinančios energijos dalį ES suvartojamoje energijoje iki 2020 metų padidinti iki 20%.
Šaltinis: Dorota Denkovska, "Europos Sąjungos klimato politikos įtaka energetiniam saugumui: grėsmių daugiklio pažabojimas", 2009 m.
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2015 09 07 gjyoexie | A Catholic lady finds ultimate answer in Islam when confronted with and having run out of questions related to the existence and the nature of God. Here she narrates her what she termed as incredible journey to Islam. I became a Muslim at the age of 67, and I thank God that He has blessed me to become a believer in Islam.I was raised in a strict Roman Catholic home, the middle daughter of three children. After my father passed away, my mother would go to work in a local hospital to support us. But with this new-found responsibility, my mother was no longer able to oversee our upbringing although she had sent us to a Catholic school.I would spend time with my friends at the local cafes. It was there that I met a very nice Muslim man (later to become my husband). When I told my mother that I was in love and wanted to get married, she warned that we were from different background and that we would eventually have problems. At 20, I could not imagine that we would have any problems in our marriage. I was so deep in love and felt so happy that someone would be taking care of me. My husband was not a very religious man at that time, and deep down I felt that I would be able to get him to convert to Catholicism.Everything seemed to be going along so perfectly for the next several years. We were happy and not once did culture or religion ever cause us any problems. God blessed us with a son and a daughter. We went along with our lives and I even began taking my children to church with me. Initially, my husband never prevented me from attending weekly Sunday mass, but later he spoke to me about his not wanting the children to attend church. Frankly, I was angry and upset.鈥淏ut why not,鈥?I objected. I really could not understand the harm in taking them to church. Up until this point, we had never even discussed religion. In fact, I had never even questioned that there could even be a different religion than Catholicism. I was born a Catholic and thought that Catholicism was the right religion. For explanations that I can鈥檛 even put a finger on, it seemed like from this day on, so many problems were now evident. We argued all the time about everything and everyone. Now, little things became a big deal. Religion became an arguing point between us. The differences in our cultures became something to argue about. We argued about in-laws and most unfortunately, we argued on the upbringing of our children.The only peace and harmony that was now between us was the wisdom, sincerity, concern and love my father-in-law had for our marriage. He loved his son and grandchildren, and also genuinely loved me as a daughter. He was a very religious and devout Muslim and was a very wise man.My little acquaintance with Islam was through my father-in law, who would pray his every prayer, fasted during the month of Ramadan, and was very generous to the poor. I could feel his connection to God. In fact, my father-in-law was so kind to the needy that every day after coming home from the afternoon prayer at the mosque, he would invite any needy person home to eat lunch with. This was every single day. Up until his death at the age of 95, he had continued with this habit.My father-in-law tried desperately to help us find a solution. He warned his son to allow me room to practice my religion, but it was no longer about religion anymore.I felt frustrated and desired to take a break. We separated. Although I desperately wanted my children to live with me, we both felt that it would be better for the children to be raised by their father. He was in a much better position, financially, to raise them and give them many comforts. How I longed for them every night. I moved back with my mother and continued seeing my children every weekend. My ex-husband would drop off our children on Friday afternoons and pick them up early Sunday mornings. Although this arrangement hurt, it was better than nothing.Each night before going to bed, I would read from the Bible. When my children were visiting me, I would read them a passage regardless of whether my children understood or not. After reading a passage, one night I would seek help from Jesus, the next night from the angels, the next night from the different saints, the next night from the Virgin Mary.But then one night we had no one else to ask, I had run out of Saints. So I said, 鈥淣ow we鈥檙e going to ask God.鈥?My son said, 鈥淥K, now who is God?鈥?I said, 鈥淗e鈥檚 the one who created you, who created me. He is forever our neighbor.鈥?So he was pondering, he was thinking about those words. To my explanation, I rubbed my cross again. I said 鈥榥ow thank God.鈥?He looked at the cross and said 鈥淢amma, who is this?鈥?I said 鈥淭his is God. He鈥檚 the son of God.鈥?He said, 鈥淵ou just told me a minute ago that God is forever. How come this one is dead?鈥?I never, never in my whole life realized that fact. He asked me where this god came from. And I said, he came from the womb of Mary, of the Virgin Mary. He said, 鈥淥h, so he was born sometime before.鈥?I said, 鈥淲ell, yes.鈥?But then he said 鈥楤ut you told me that he鈥檚 forever. He never dies and he鈥檚 never born. My son, who was now about eight, asked me directly, 鈥淢ama, why don鈥檛 you just ask God for help?鈥?I was surprised and stunned and remember feeling a bit shocked that he would question my religion. I told him that I also ask God. 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